ktravula – a travelogue!

by Chinenye Mgbojikwe and Chijioke Chris Chuwa

Jos is a small town in Plateau State, in the middle of Nigeria, at approximately 1200 metres above sea level, making it one of the highest points in the country. It was originally occupied by the Nok people in the early Iron Age, but has now been populated by people from all around Nigeria. The cold environment was particularly attractive to the Fulani because it was an uninhabitable place for the tsetse fly which caused sleeping sickness in their cattle.

I’ve lived in jos all my life and as such, I’ve grown accustomed to the weather in this beautiful city. Right from time I was introduced to custom of wearing multiple layers of clothing paired with socks no matter the type of footwear I donned on my feet. 

One of my most notable experiences with the Jos cold came from my time in secondary school — I attended Baptist High School, Jos, a boarding school. We took our baths, when we could, with cold water, because who was going to gift you hot water as a JSS1 student? The harmattan period which usually came around November – January was a true test of grit.

One day, my roommate and I had secured a bucket of water at night to avoid the long queues to get water in the morning. We had been worried that the water would have been stolen by other students. The next morning, we soon found out why it was left untouched, our water had ice in it! Not large ice blocks as you may think but thin sheets of ice on it! We had to dry clean ourselves — an act where you only wash your hands, legs and face — before heading off to class.

 We later learned from our more experienced seniors that to prevent your water from getting colder at night you need to use a towel or thick piece of cloth and cover the top of your bucket leaving no gaps. As time passed and it got colder we eventually avoided morning baths and opted to have our baths after classes mid-afternoon. The school also noticed how the cold was increasing and made it a rule for each student to wear a sweater at all times. 

As time went by, the students also found ways to keep warm such as creating fires to boil water using hot coals gotten from the kitchen and any available metal bucket in the vicinity. This wasn’t as effective as it may sound because it was limited, not everyone in school could boil water, just a few people who hustled to get to those hot coals early enough. 

Around 2011, the PTA decided to build heater rooms to provide hot water for the students so we could cope with the weather. Things are much easier these days as I’m told, more measures have been put in place to combat the cold.

Jos weather is often said to be bi-polar, because of the way it randomly changes. You could be shivering by 7 am and sweating by 3 pm.  Yet despite all these, the city is still the preferred location for most people, especially those who grew up here. The people of Jos are so accustomed to the cold it’s sometimes uncomfortable to live elsewhere. Some residents even joke that the cold weather prepares them for various trips outside the country.

I miss jos cold especially the January cold. 😢

— Liz Not Truss (@50shadesofLizie) December 24, 2019

Miss jos too. Did my NYSC in jos, I really enjoy my stay + the cold

— of lagos (@of_lagoss) January 2, 2020

Why is it so cold?

The city experiences low temperatures because it lies on a slope. Jos is approximately 1200m above sea level and at heights such as that the weather gets colder and the air thinner. 

On the 3rd of January, it recorded a low temperature of 6.7ºC. This was the lowest recorded throughout the harmattan period. For contrast, London on the same day recorded a temperature of 9ºC. The high altitude of Jos makes it susceptible to jet streams which are fast-moving air propagated by the northeast trade winds. Due to the sun, the air around warms up in the afternoon period but drops once it’s evening and the sun has set. 

What are the effects of being in a region this cold?

Unlike places abroad that deal with cold weather on a more frequent basis, Jos does not have the resources to keep its residents warm. There is a lack of room heaters in offices, eateries, and homes. 

This causes people to limit their sources of ventilation. You turn off your air conditioner, turn off your fan and maybe close some windows to stop all that cold breeze from coming through. This raises some health concerns.

The harmattan and dust combine to propagate different types of viruses that may cause illnesses such as pneumonia. Due to the cold weather, people tend to congregate and stay in groups, this alone makes it easier to pass along germs and bacteria from one person to the next.

According to a health service provider at the Jos University Teaching Hospital, Ifechukwu Ezeonugo, this period brings an influx of patients who bear symptoms of a common cold, the majority being children and the elderly.

How do the residents cope with the cold?

The people of Jos cope in many different ways, I for one carry around a flask of hot water or tea wherever I’m going, to drink and keep me warm. I Always wear socks and if possible gloves when I’m going out to run errands. The cold affects different people in different ways. I decided to get a few stories from people working in Jos to get their perspective. 

The Keke drivers

Usman, 30, says since the cold began business has been a bit tougher for him. “I no de too see customers like that again, nobody wan de comot for this kain cold may breeze de blow them on top,” he says. He has had to change his routes a couple of times to get more customers. He doesn’t like to come out as early as he used to because sometimes the cold can be unbearable in the early hours of the morning so he waits for time to pass and hits the road by 7 am then he closes by 8:30 pm so he has some time to get back to his family. The cold affects his work because he can’t increase his rates due to the cold alone, seeing as the fuel price and distances remain constant. He has had to cope with the cold as best he can.

The office workers

I strolled into a popular bank (they wish their name to be kept off the record) to ask how they were faring with the weather and the woman at the bank teller said it’s tough. They don’t use their air conditioners or fans anymore and it’s hard to get to work each morning. You see fewer public transportation so she has to wait outside more than she does on a normal day because of the cold.

Something else that bothered her was the body odour some customers had, “You can tell some of them skipped having their showers this morning, but I understand that due to the cold it is unpleasant to shower so early in the morning,’’ she said. The cold hasn’t affected the flow of business in the bank, things just go as they always do.

The bike men

Bikes aren’t too popular in Jos, they have been restricted for some years from the main roads, so they operate in inner settlements of the city. I walked around for some time until I found a bike man who was willing to talk to me. Mr Dung says he doesn’t come out to work till 8am, because the cold is so severe in the mornings. He also does not have his bath till mid-afternoon when the sun is out and its a bit warmer. 

He dares not forget his sweater, head warmer, gloves, and socks. It’s suicide to leave even one. He said that because he operates within a small settlement, people have no choice but to make use of his services. If not, they would have to brave the cold and make the long trek to the junction where they can get a cab to their desired destination. 

The maishai (tea makers)

There are a few maishai around Jos. You can spot them carrying large trays on their head containing flasks of hot water and nylon filled with loaves of bread. 
I walked around till I could spot one. And although he was busy, he obliged me and answered the few questions I had for him. He said the cold is nothing new to him, he expects it. He has lived his whole life in Jos and has only been to a few other northern states.

To cope, he takes his bath early and always with very hot water and comes out as early as he can. Business is booming for him this period, he says. Everyone who goes about their business outside such as drivers, hawkers, and even pedestrians can get cold and need a hot drink to keep warm. He says business is so good that he has to go home and refill every few times.

For him, the Jos cold is a blessing.

The traders

I walked into this shop because, at first sight, it just felt like a warm place to be in at the moment. After feeding my eyes I walked over to talk to the owner of the shop find out how the cold was treating him and his business. 

He entertained me briefly because he had customers to attend to. The period was the best for him, he said, because he had to get more wares ahead of time so he’ll have enough blankets and sweaters to sell to his customers. He has no shortage of customers. Most of his clients are mothers buying extra blankets and sweaters for their wards going back to school in this harsh weather, he says. 

He’s covered head to toe in warm clothing, moving back and forth and responding to the needs of his various customers. He is one of the benefactors of the cold that comes around this period. 

Here are some common myths about the Jos cold

1. It snows. Sorry to disappoint you but it hasn’t snowed in Jos and the likelihood of it ever happening is low due to its geographical location.
2. It rains ice. Technically it doesn’t rain ice, but Jos has been known to experience hailstones during the rainy season and not the harmattan.
3. Pipes bring out ice water. While this is a possibility, in the past few years there has been no documentation of such happening in the state, a few videos have gone round saying otherwise but those are videos taken from other locations.

How to survive in the Jos cold

1. Never leave home without a sweater. You might come out in the afternoon and the weather feels a bit warm and you say to yourself I can do without a sweater, my dear brother/sister this is a bad idea. Remember what I said about Jos weather being bipolar? In a split second the weather can change and you’re left in cold chattering your teeth and rubbing your palms together to create warmth.
2. Avoid dust at all costs. Dust inhaled can cause loads of health problems for you including asthma and pneumonia. You can get a surgical mask to prevent inhaling dust or use your handkerchief as a makeshift cover if you can’t find one.
3. Get extra clothing. Additional clothing such as gloves, scarves, head warmers, and socks are incredibly helpful.
4. Avoid cold water and fluids. The weather is already cold no need to make your body feel it anymore, use hot water to bath and only consume drinks at room temperature or warmer if possible.

When all that’s said and done, Jos is an interesting place to visit during the harmattan period. You get to experience the feel of a different region entirely and see firsthand how people cope with the weather. 

____

Photos by Jacob Dakshak and KTravula.com

by Adéfọlámí Adémọlá

I’ll die at thirty-five.

Or maybe I won’t, but I have always harbored a premonition in my underbelly that death will crawl into my bones, quietly, when I turn thirty-five. If you ask me how I know this, I cannot give you a suitable explanation because, truthfully, I have no idea how this feeling has stuck to the back of my mind.

Sometimes, in our depressive reverie, we play out visuals of our lives forward to a certain point where we can see through the threadbare façade of existence; a sort of virtual exploration of the probable things that our lives might likely turn out to become. Somehow, if we put all our experiences together, weigh them against our present realities, it is possible to ascertain the things that might befall a person—the knowledge of the past demystifies the past, clarifies the present, and illuminates the future.

It started when I was fifteen; at least that’s when I clearly understood what the number ‘thirty-five’, which always found a way to seep into everything I did, meant. For reasons I’d probably never be able to ascertain, I could never see my life beyond that age: you know how people picture themselves at age ninety, surrounded by children and grand-children, sporting a smile that leaked out tales of a life well-spent—even if it’s just for the camera—I have never experienced this bliss, this assuaging breath of fulfillment that portends a lengthy span of existence as a living organism. In my case, the dream of visualizing my future runs out at thirty-five, like sand in an hourglass. I could never see my life beyond the threshold of corporeal expiration that my mind has created.

I am twenty-five. Months after I became a quarter of a century, my life has been mired in a rollercoaster of experiences that make it seem as though the reality of dying at thirty-five has grown into a more vivid and likely possibility. Exactly five days after my birthday, I broke off an estranged and largely inadequate three-year relationship without so much as batting an eyelid. I do not have a problem with breaking off relationships; I have broken more that I care to admit, even if breaking wasn’t necessarily the right thing to do in those moments. However, it would be deceptive to say that breaking this particular relationship didn’t feel like breaking something inside me. The whole love thing is an experience I am continuously trying to get a hang of, so it was not the emotional attachment that made it worse. It was the fact that I felt like I had wasted three years of my life. For someone who seems to think that he’s got limited time, that hurts like hell. A week after that, I lost a friend, not to the dainty clutches of death, but to whims of my venomous mood swings; the calming, unchecked propensity to live life without getting too attached to people who, when the friendship becomes a bond, would hold me back from losing myself, closing off my mind, and running away from it all. All that mattered was maximizing the ten years my mind tells me I have left, if dying at thirty-five became a reality like I wish it did.

In my sophomore year in the university, my best friend introduced me to Dambudzo Marechera. Dambudzo was a Zimbabwean novelist, short story writer, playwright and poet. Apart from his radical outpost, iconoclasm, literary experimentation and his striking individualism, what attracts me to the cynicism of his existence was the fact the he died at thirty-five, of an AIDS-related pulmonary disorder. And not just that. The similarities in our penchant for social awkwardness, something that makes me call writers and other creatives, misfits. Our verbal daring and strange obsession for living life by the way we choose seems too close to home to be just a coincidence. Dambudzo was a virtual kindred-spirit. Because he shared most of my sentiments; at least from his writings, and anecdotes from people who knew him, about the way he lived his life. I drowned myself into imagining what his life must have been; the relentless drinking spree, the strong disregard for materialistic tendencies; the perception of life as a fickle, brittle string of physical occupation of the earth, nothing more. And more importantly, his love of his own writings.

We are never entirely in control of our consciousness. Our opinions are influenced by things beyond our definition; or even if we can define them, we still cannot cordon off our minds from being triggered by their profound efficacy. I know this feeling of intending demise is intensified by a cold, empty feeling of uncertainty that sinks into the innermost core of my being every once in a while, which sends me spiraling down into myself, into a place that freezes time, constricts my breath, chokes me with a barrage of unanswered questions that will never be answered. But, deep within me, seated like a rock, is a personal conviction of guilt, of self-immolation and damnation.

The first few weeks of being 25 have been saturated with recurring bouts of depression, emptiness, uncertainty, and a raging urge to walk away from everything familiar. It has been weeks of cold, sinking feelings spiced with a garnish of self-doubt—doubts about becoming a writer, about having a writing career that validates my abilities as a writer. Even amidst all the guilt and thinning dreams, though, death is an unyielding companion.

In the year I turned 18, I had my second bike accident.

The first time I was involved in an accident with a bike, I must have been 8. We were playing football that evening when one of the over excited boys fired an unnecessary long-range shot. In obeisance, the ball flew right out of the circumference of the make-shift field and crossed to the other side of the road. Because I didn’t want to pause the interesting flow of the game, I ran blindly into the road, with the intention to fetch the ball. That was when I slipped and fell. You wouldn’t believe what happened next unless you were there that afternoon. An oncoming bike crashed into me, sending me some inches away from the point of contact. Perhaps, because of the impact, the rider, who turned out to be one of my father’s church members, couldn’t pull the brake timely. So the bike ran blindly around my body and eventually stopped atop my chest, few inches away from my neck. With a little difficulty, the rider heaved the weight of the bike off my chest, and I stood up, still with the intention to retrieve the lost ball. The shouts of concern by all present didn’t make sense to me because I didn’t think that anything was wrong with me after the impact. I was whisked home by some friends, given food and drugs, and told to rest. That hurt like hell. I wanted to play football, and I didn’t think I needed to rest.

Death has always been a recurring feature in my life. I court it, flirt with it, and mostly live my life on the edge, with no fear of death, no holding back. There was not a time that I have ever been afraid of dying. Instead, I saw death as a departure. As surviving, too. As a means to an end, the end being eternal rest and tranquility, if truly we won’t continue our existence in another plane, another form. As Tolu Daniel says in his Barren Magazine essay, What Does It Mean To Survive? “an escape from the stress and the pain inflicted by life on the mortal body to a dimension of ease.” So all my life, I have always toyed with the idea of dying, and dying young. There are times when, after I have smoked a blunt or two, I meditate and fantasize about my death, creating scenarios of how I’d die and the circumstances surrounding my death. As gory as it might sound, these thoughts of death, especially when I am dealing with the mental issues that has become my fate in the ‘in-between moment’ when my head is an ant farm, help me to find clarity, and see things clearly. Somehow, death, at least the thought of it, is therapeutic for me.

My second bike accident came when I was much older and wiser. I was in my second year in the university when it happened. One bright afternoon, when the sun scorched the earth like it was threatening to burst out of the clouds and melt everything in its wake, I was dressing up to go visit a friend against my mum’s vocal warnings not to step out. Before then, she had always queried my restlessness, my inability to stay in one place. I always found a way to move about, even in confined spaces. My spirit animal must be a Cheetah or any other animal that finds it almost impossible to be static. It had never been something that I was comfortable doing. Every admonition to remain at home, especially when I was not reading, was seen as an attempt to kill me or lock up my existence in a physical space. So I shrugged off my mother’s warnings as just one of those things mothers always guilt-tripped their children into doing. So I jumped on a bike with my elder brother who was on his way to a social function. We had not ridden for more than five minutes when the bike plunged into a giant pothole, sending me reeling on the floor where I met the jagged road with my jaw. I could taste the blood on my tongue; it was warm and metallic that sunny afternoon. It tasted like pain, like the bitterness that comes with knowing that your body would be riddled with scars. It tasted like the sour fruit of disobedience and the associated repercussions. I looked at the bruises that had formed on my wrist and in that moment, I wondered why I had not listened to my mother. The friend I was going to see could have been visited the next day.

Perhaps, the striking thing about predestination or fate is how it chokes the mind in a fierce grip and banishes every idea of rational thinking. Then, even against reason, our hearts are trapped in an unwholesome movement in the direction of that which is bound to happen to us or even hurt us. A kind of hubris that intersperses with the false step that leads to the catastrophic fall in social, physical or intellectual pedestal. But if predestination was merely a fallacy, then maybe that afternoon that I collided with the crooked floor in a macabre dance, I was only paying for my disobedience, a particularly grave offence in the Yoruba worldview: “obedience is better than ritual/sacrifice”—a literal translation of “prevention is better than cure.”

Death always loomed over my body. I still tell people that I am surprised to be alive today. Because in all my life, I have always seen doom flickering somewhere around the fringe of my eyes. I remember for years, between the ages of nine and seventeen, I suffered from severe stomach upset. This stomach upset always came intermittently. And when it did, I always felt like it was the last time I’d ever experience that level of pain and distress. Because I always thought that death would finally overwhelm my weary body. But I was wrong, the pain did not kill me. Rather, it diluted my existence, soaked it with the bile of redundancy so much that I forgot how to be a happy, playful child. You’d find me in the house, with a book, chewing hurt and regret and the force of the pain that threatened to burst out of my bowels. I was nicknamed ‘Sickler’ by kids my age who thought that the only reason a 9 year old would live between hospitals was because he had to be very sick all the time. I was always in the company of my mother who, due to the frequent visits to hospitals and labs and even traditional medicine, was starting to look like a shadow of herself, with worry lines that shone against the flakes of her skin. I pitied her those times when I’d scream due to the pain and she’d watch helplessly, unable to do anything other than to pray for me, to assuage the pain. One of the worst things that could happen to a mother is to watch her child battle a pain that is beyond her powers. It eats her up, makes her feel worthless. Like it is her fault that her child is suffering from a great discomfort.

Through all the numerous medical tests and diagnosis that showed that nothing was wrong with me, I suffered greatly from a serious case of anxiety and panic attacks in anticipation of the stomach pain that would always resurface. Those times, it was hard to plan my future or things I wanted to do. Somehow, even my parents knew not to plan for things beyond two days because of the uncertainty that loomed. In a weird way, my life was not in my hands between the period when my stomach hurt. My life was at the mercy of something that even modern science could not comprehend.

Sometimes, the darkness you think you’ve left behind creeps back in, throbbing, thrashing about the mind, enveloping it in utter darkness. I am terrified of the intolerable in-between moments when my mind is caged in an opaque couch of mental turmoil and emotional distress. As such, distractions make the nights slightly bearable. “Being human is a condition that requires a little anesthesia.” Weed and alcohol becomes permanent feature of my night life before sleep, bits and pieces of it, is at least attained. There are times when I see cheesy television adverts warning against smoking and alcohol consumption and I begin to wander if perhaps, dying slowly is a form penance. The way the disease eats up a part of the body, weaken it, making it almost useless, and how the pain sets into the bones, slowly ebbing life away. I think about dying from a disease atimes. Pain for me is the first chapter in the cannon of departure.

We’re all suffering from something so, for some of us, our departure won’t be as a result of our physical inadequacies. There would be those of us that would exit through the axes of their mental realm. Some will go out through panic or anxiety arrests or seizure, some through the route of suicide fueled by years of living between the excessive recesses of the fragile human mind. I have lost many friends to the cold clutch of depressive phases, suicide and the many excesses that the human mind harbors during the quiet, tortuous in between moments when it is almost impossible to get out of your own head. This is how I will go out, I think. When depression hits consistently at an all-time high, and the mind is lost in moments of fluctuations between realities, and alcohol and weed are the lubricants that make the nights somewhat bearable, addiction, maybe mildly, sets in, and there seems to be an incomprehensible dependence on these soothing fuel. That way, you would have won a continuous stretch of temporary happiness, but then, the body loses something in return to the excessive consumption of substances used for mental tranquilization. That is how it is for some of my friends. Not me. For me, I am at the point where I indulge consistently in the use of alcohol and weed. Although they ease the pain, I do not see them as indispensable elements necessary for my mental stability. But if they were, I am at the point where, perhaps because of the way inexplicable grief and pain sit rigidly somewhere in my head, and breathing is a tedious act, I indulge in most things that I believe hasten death.

One night in my third year in the university, largely inebriated from the binge-drinking that came with attending the official pageant of the school, I was accosted by two guys with one carrying a gun. One of my friends had come visiting that night and because it was late it was wise to see her off till she got a bus or bike. So while standing at the bus-stop, two guys walked towards us, and just immediately, as though they had rehearsed the moment, one of them brought out a gun, threatening to shoot us if we did not give them our phones and monies. It was an old black revolver with paper tape clasped firmly around nuzzle. Ideally, it made sense to immediately kneel and surrender everything we had to them. It was a wise thing to do in the case of such confrontation and would have saved us from any eventuality. But in that moment, there was not a single dose of fear in my mind. My friend had liquid fears streaming down her eyes. You could tell that she was terrified. It was the first time she saw a gun pointing to her face. That’s when I knew that I’d never let anyone get away with scaring another human being that way, reducing their personality to tears, jitters, and fears, so I concluded that the only way they could get anything off us was to kill me or shoot at my friend. Perhaps, seeing her in pain or dead would have softened my resolve and I probably would have let up. I groggily moved closer to the two of them, stared at them right in the face and said, “Bros, why we go give you our phone and money?” The guys were astounded. I was sure they were wondering why anyone would dare the sight of a gun and risk losing his life in a moment of fatal bravery. I didn’t put myself in a position of self-pity where I’d wonder what would happen if I died. I just knew that I wasn’t going to be helpless in that situation. And even if I did die, it would be on my own terms; fighting back against injustice. That night, after about 20 minutes of cajoling and threats and heavy voices, the only thing the guys got from us was the warm handshake I gave them when we settled while I was lucky to get a stick of cigarette from one of them.

When death stares at us coldly in the face, the natural reaction is to flee. As sensible as this admonition might seem, it however reinforces the age-long rubric that “cowards die a thousand times before their death.” The inconsistency of human intelligence that bugs me about death is this: if we all agree that we won’t get out of the world alive, and that predestination exists, why are we afraid to speak up against injustice? Why do we keep quiet in situations where opening our mouth to speak might be the only saving grace we have? Why are we afraid of losing our lives if we truly believe that we will die eventually, when the time is right? To me, this particular scenario of emotional detachment from perceived reality seems like a clear case of mismanagement of the “he who is down needs fear no fall” rubric that most humans, who live their lives without holding back in an attempt to suspend or avoid their own death, have come to cherish. I believe, like Vladimir Putin said, that “whoever is destined to be hanged won’t drown.”

I’ll die at 35. Or maybe I won’t. but that is not something within my mortal capabilities to alter. As such, I am regularly trying to live on my own terms; take each day, split it open, pour enough memories into it while chasing the next story in the eyes of people. More than a writer, I prefer to see myself as a collector of voices. Because, in the end, these voices, these memories, emotions, and experiences serve as lubricants to make departure easy. So, whether humans maintain a docile attitude to life, and decide to play by the books of normalcy, departure, or death, as it were, is something we will never be able to escape. Except, of course, if the earth spits us out as an expression of its anger against environmental despoliation. At best, our existence, even from birth, is a synopsis of departure. Because, even when we achieve everything humanly possible here, our lives are a continuous stream, antithetical and climatic, in the entire plot of death. Every speck and moment in our existence is a chapter in the book of death. Our life, as we see it, is really just an unfolding of our end.

Over the last twenty-four hours, I have been inundated by messages from friends and colleagues over my purported appointment as Vice-Chancellor of Dominion University, Ìbàdàn.

I wish to state categorically that I have not been so appointed, neither have I been under consideration at any stage for the position. The Pioneer Vice-Chancellor is Professor Doyin Soyibo who is a retired Professor of Economics at the University of Ìbàdàn, and an eminently qualified individual whose credentials are in the public space.

My association with Dominion University started many years ago as Chairman of the Proposal Implementation Committee. That assignment ended when the proposed university was granted a license at the beginning of 2019. I have also been involved in the takeoff planning and implementation. Dominion University is a mentee University to the University of Ìbàdàn.

I was part of the team that paid a courtesy call on the UI management at 1 pm on Tuesday 7th May. At the event, the Pioneer Vice-Chancellor was introduced and he sat by the VC of UI. From the discussions that went on, there was absolutely no ground for any form of ambiguities, misrepresentation or confusion as to the rightful person of the VC of Dominion University. In fact, I had no role or function at the event throughout. I am therefore most embarrassed to be the object of a most embarrassing fake news about my appointment as VC of Dominion University.

The source of the information is the Media Assistant to the Vice-Chancellor. Responsible authorities have also provided credible imprint to the unfortunate piece of fake news. Just last night, I was fortunate to have the opportunity to stop a major news source from relaying the falsehood. I have waited patiently for a retraction or at least a correction if indeed, this was an error. I am forced to use this medium to set the records straight.

As a responsible stakeholder, I have chosen to follow this path rather than seek redress through other appropriate means in order to minimize the damage that such steps can have on the reputation of the University of Ìbàdàn.

Thank you.